The fourth part of the device was the team of eight oxen guided by the farmer. The third part was the moldboard, which curled the sod outward. The plowshare was the second pair of knives which cut the sod horizontally, detaching it from the ground below. This knife was used to vertically cut into the top sod to allow for the plowshare to work. The first part was a coulter at the bottom of the plough. The device consisted of four major parts. Technologies were often a matter of cultural exchange and date and place of first inventions are not listed here (see main links for a more complete history of each).Ī type of heavy wheeled plough commonly found in Northern Europe. The approximate date or first mention of a technology in medieval Europe is given. The following is a list of some important medieval technologies. The technical drawings of late-medieval artist-engineers Guido da Vigevano and Villard de Honnecourt can be viewed as forerunners of later Renaissance artist-engineers such as Taccola or Leonardo da Vinci. Along with new navigational techniques such as the dry compass, the Jacob's staff and the astrolabe, these allowed economic and military control of the seas adjacent to Europe and enabled the global navigational achievements of the dawning Age of Exploration.Īt the turn to the Renaissance, Gutenberg's invention of mechanical printing made possible a dissemination of knowledge to a wider population, that would not only lead to a gradually more egalitarian society, but one more able to dominate other cultures, drawing from a vast reserve of knowledge and experience. Advances in shipbuilding included the multi-masted ships with lateen sails, the sternpost-mounted rudder and the skeleton-first hull construction. Though gunpowder along with other weapons had been started by Chinese, it was the Europeans who developed and perfected its military potential, precipitating European expansion and eventual imperialism in the Modern Era.Īlso significant in this respect were advances in maritime technology. Often, the revolutionary aspect lay not in the act of invention itself, but in its technological refinement and application to political and economic power. ![]() ![]() Many European technical advancements from the 12th to 14th centuries were either built on long-established techniques in medieval Europe, originating from Roman and Byzantine antecedents, or adapted from cross-cultural exchanges through trading networks with the Islamic world, China, and India. Water-power was also widely used in mining for raising ore from shafts, crushing ore, and even powering bellows. By the time of the Domesday Book, most large villages had turnable mills, around 6,500 in England alone. The development of water mills from their ancient origins was impressive, and extended from agriculture to sawmills both for timber and stone. The period saw major technological advances, including the adoption of gunpowder, the invention of vertical windmills, spectacles, mechanical clocks, and greatly improved water mills, building techniques ( Gothic architecture, medieval castles), and agriculture in general ( three-field crop rotation). After the Renaissance of the 12th century, medieval Europe saw a radical change in the rate of new inventions, innovations in the ways of managing traditional means of production, and economic growth. Medieval technology is the technology used in medieval Europe under Christian rule.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |